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The Supreme Court orders makers of gun parts to comply with rules on ghost guns_我的网站

A | WASHINGTON -- The Supreme Court on Monday ordered two internet sellers of gun parts to comply with a Biden administration regulation aimed at ghost guns, firearms that are difficult to trace because they lack serial numbers.The court had intervened once before, by a 5-4 vote in August, to keep the regulation in effect after it had been invalidated by a lower court. No justice dissented publicly from Monday's order, which followed a ruling from a federal judge in Texas that exempted the two companies, Blackhawk Manufacturing Group and Defense Distributed, from having to abide by the regulation of ghost gun kits.Other makers of gun parts also had been seeking similar court orders, the administration told the Supreme Court in a filing.“Absent relief from this Court, therefore, untraceable ghost guns will remain widely available to anyone with a computer and a credit card — no background check required,” Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar, the administration's top Supreme Court lawyer, wrote. The regulation changed the definition of a firearm under federal law to include unfinished parts, like the frame of a handgun or the receiver of a long gun, so they can be tracked more easily. Those parts must be licensed and include serial numbers. Manufacturers must also run background checks before a sale — as they do with other commercially made firearms. The requirement applies regardless of how the firearm was made, meaning it includes ghost guns made from individual parts or kits or by 3D printers.The regulation will be in effect while the administration appeals the judge's ruling to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans — and potentially the Supreme Court.。近日，“不要空腹吃龙口粉丝”冲上社交平台热搜，很多人空腹吃完后，接连出现胃胀、反酸、心口灼烧等症状，严重的时候还会恶心想吐。图源：社交媒体包装袋印着的“不宜空腹食用”只是商家多余的提醒吗？为什么空腹吃会难受？还有哪些食物不能空腹吃下肚？为什么不建议空腹吃？空腹吃容易胃不舒服，根源在于它特殊的淀粉构造。它的原料为绿豆淀粉或豌豆淀粉，直链淀粉占比较高。这种淀粉分子排布紧凑，就算长时间烹煮也不容易软烂。我们日常吃的红薯、土豆粉条以支链淀粉为主，消化酶很容易分解。而直链淀粉分子结构紧密，限制了消化酶的侵入和分解效率，消化速度比支链淀粉慢得多。当胃部空空荡荡，没有肉类、蔬菜、膳食纤维“打底”时，煮熟的粉丝进入胃部，会像海绵一样大量吸水膨胀，形成黏韧的淀粉团。

B | 我们的胃需要不断蠕动来研磨消化这些食物，而韧性较强的淀粉团长时间滞留，会明显加重肠胃负担。其外包装标注的“空腹慎食”，正是厂家基于食材特性给出的安全提示，并非多余之举。空腹食用会出现哪些症状？每个人的肠胃耐受程度不同，空腹吃后的反应也分不同层级。肠胃基础较好的普通人，最先感受到的是上腹部沉重发胀，有明显的饱滞感，用餐后三四个小时仍觉得食物“堵”在胃里。随后，胃酸可能向上反流，刺激食道，引起不适。

C | 肠胃偏弱、日常容易消化不良的人群，可能频繁嗳气、胃部隐隐作痛，胃部翻涌引发恶心，短时间内没有进食欲望。本身患有慢性胃炎、反流性食管炎或胃溃疡的人群，空腹一次性摄入较多粉丝，韧性淀粉团长时间滞留胃内，情况严重时可能诱发胃潴留，导致食物无法正常推送至肠道，从而引发长久腹胀、频繁恶心反胃，甚至呕吐。如果经常空腹食用，韧性淀粉团反复刺激胃酸分泌，磨损胃黏膜与食管内壁，反酸、胃痛等肠胃毛病就会频繁发作。正确食用方法进食之前先给胃部“垫”点食物。饥饿状态下不要直接吃，可以先吃些青菜、鸡蛋、瘦肉，让胃内有基础食物作为“保护层”，避免大量高韧性淀粉直接刺激胃部。

D | 尽量避免单独凉拌食用。凉拌粉丝的油脂和蛋白质含量较低，淀粉结块滞留的风险更高。建议优先做成肉末粉丝煲、花甲粉丝汤、粉丝炖菜等，配菜中的蛋白质和油脂能混合食糜、延缓胃排空速度，从而减轻单一淀粉带来的饱胀不适感。

E | 粉丝必须彻底煮透。留有硬芯的半熟粉丝，抗性淀粉含量更高，消化难度翻倍。

F | 煮到粉丝通体透亮、没有白芯再出锅，更有利于消化。当作配菜适量食用。

G | 粉丝经过精加工，大部分维生素和蛋白质已流失，营养单一。它更适合作为配菜，不宜长期当作正餐主食，单次食用量也需要适当控制。

H | 这些食物也不适合空腹食用除了豆类粉丝，日常生活中还有不少食物空腹食用也容易刺激肠胃，需要多加留意。高浓度刺激性食物。空腹大量摄入山楂、李子、醋饮等食物，其中的果酸会过度刺激胃酸分泌，容易引发胃痛；冰饮、冰镇水果会刺激胃部平滑肌收缩，肠胃敏感人群容易引发痉挛腹痛。粗粮类抗性淀粉主食。冷掉的糯米饭、凉红薯、干硬的杂粮粉条，冷却后抗性淀粉含量显著增加，空腹进食容易胀气、积食。浓茶、浓咖啡。

I | 空腹摄入大量咖啡因会促使胃酸分泌增加，容易引起心慌、反胃，有胃病的人群风险更高。

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Published on:03:02:30

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